News from Nowhere

TranslationChapter 06 of 32

nophi lue mawha lokue

A Little Shopping

Piccadilly first resembles an old shopping street closely enough to fool Guest's eyes. Beautiful things fill its windows, people enter and leave with parcels, and children mind one of the booths. Yet the resemblance fails wherever exchange should appear. Nobody weighs Guest's tobacco, names an amount, or understands why the carved pipe ought to require a payment. The children give what pleases them and expect the object to keep moving if its first holder loses it.

A darker conversation runs beneath the gifts. Guide remembers a recent loss caused by possessive love, then an old passenger joins the carriage and turns idleness into a mock disease inherited from people who once compelled others to work. Morris makes the satire cruel on purpose: class contempt and bodily judgement mingle with a joke about medicine. Phi puts each claim in its speaker's mouth. Coercion and death stay plain, while ridicule never gets to masquerade as diagnosis.

phirae wisola lokueAnother kind of market

whau ne kulo haolu lo mia lue shelira to pakiro shua. lo mia muo teku ruela to wepu. lo womu mua ra to se mioru lorima. ne kulo wei mia ra lokue nomei to loa. mia tha lo miona luera wisola terura ma sano tho to po nila. lu he mia ha to ki ma nila. mia wei lo womu mulu phanoi wisola womu nomei to po loa.

SIMUL NAME kulo speak PL 1SG ABL forest PST sudden come. PL 1SG INTO short path PST go. PL home LOC DIST PST PASS beautiful build. NAME kulo DAT 1SG DIST place name PST give. 1SG DECL.COMP PL person past exchange system NEG know DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST POT see. COND IRR 1SG PROX PST PFV NEG see. 1SG DAT PL home low portion exchange home name PST POT give.

(As Guide spoke, we suddenly came out of the forest. We entered a short path. Beautifully built homes stood there. Guide gave me the name of the place. I could see that the people did not know the old exchange system. If I had not seen this, I might have called the lower parts of the homes exchange-houses.)

morris: As he spoke, we came suddenly out of the woodland into a short street of handsomely built houses, which my companion named to me at once as Piccadilly: the lower part of these I should have called shops, if it had not been that, as far as I could see, the people were ignorant of the arts of buying and selling.

lila lo miona muo lo womu wepu lo thena neo lo thesa kire wira to se thinu. lo miona to whano nela to nila sola muo lo womu to wepu. thelao lo shia lue lo womu to shua. lo shia phou lo pelio lo tiwa thena to kolua. ha phea luera wisola keno to nai.

PURP PL person INTO PL home go PL thing FRONT PL careful shape window PST PASS put. PL person PST stand COORD PST see DISJ INTO PL home PST go. CONS PL 3SG ABL PL home PST come. PL 3SG BELOW PL arm PL tie thing PST carry. PROX AS past exchange custom PST be.

(Things had been placed before the carefully shaped windows to draw people into the homes. People stood and looked, or went inside. Therefore, they came out carrying tied parcels under their arms. This was like an old exchange custom.)

morris: Wares were displayed in their finely designed fronts, as if to tempt people in, and people stood and looked at them, or went in and came out with parcels under their arms, just like the real thing.

lila lo whu roe lo paloi wepu miona se shorupo phiro toreku toru leo thalo ruela mua theli ruela phanoi to wepu. shia phea lo whu mua tholua wuero lokue to se lorima thena to nai.

PURP PL REL INS PL foot go person PASS protect elegant arch roof ABOVE walk path LOC EACH path portion PST go. 3SG AS PL REL LOC ancient far place PST PASS build thing PST be.

(To protect people travelling on foot, an elegant roof of arches ran above the walkway along each part of the path. It resembled structures built in distant ancient places.)

morris: On each side of the street ran an elegant arcade to protect foot-passengers, as in some of the old Italian cities.

whalo lorima mua ruela kesho to whano. mia ha kire lorima nila to ki thilonu. mia tha ha lokue we ta kesho phelu tho to nila. mia tha shia phirae punoa lorima phelu tho we to nila.

large build LOC path middle PST stand. 1SG PROX shape build see PST PFV prepare. 1SG DECL.COMP PROX place ALSO one middle hold DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST see. 1SG DECL.COMP 3SG different society build hold DECL.COMP.CLOSE ALSO PST see.

(A large building stood in the middle of the path. I had prepared to see a building of this kind. I saw that this place also had a centre. I also saw that it had a different community building.)

morris: About halfway down, a huge building of the kind I was now prepared to expect told me that this also was a centre of some kind, and had its special public buildings.

ne kulo sha ha wisola lokue sheo mo sheloi phirae wisola lokue phirae noporu phelu. lo womu leo phanoi phemi womu ro nai sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP PROX exchange place THAN CMPR MANY different exchange place different design hold. PL home ABOVE portion guest home HAB be QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "This exchange-place has a different design from most other exchange-places. The upper parts of the homes are usually guest-homes.")

morris: Said Dick: "Here, you see, is another market on a different plan from most others: the upper stories of these houses are used for guest-houses;

sheloi miona lue roa muila soli shemu ro shua. lo miona mua theula muila noshi ro menui. thia pheo teku thimu ha thesori so po nila.

MANY person ABL AROUND earth SOME moment HAB come. PL person LOC UNIV earth near HAB dwell. 2SG POST short time PROX evidence FUT POT see.

(Many people come here from all around the land from time to time. People live close together throughout the land. After a short time, you may see evidence of this.)

morris: for people from all about the country are apt to drift up hither from time to time, as folk are very thick upon the ground, which you will see evidence of presently,

soli miona lo noshi sholei kaeli. whekai mia lo noshi sholei ma kaeli.

SOME person PL near gather like. CONTR 1SG PL near gather NEG like.

(Some people like close gatherings. However, I do not.)

morris: and there are people who are fond of crowds, though I can't say that I am."

mia tha therema ru laeno manolu tho to nila. mia te po ma seniku.

1SG DECL.COMP tradition INTS long stay DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST see. 1SG CESS POT NEG smile.

(I saw that the tradition had endured for a very long time. I could not stop smiling.)

morris: I couldn't help smiling to see how long a tradition would last.

luera whalo lokue phiora tha shia lokue kesho nai tho to mishoa. mia pha shia remo nela shonela kesho po nai pho to ma sano.

past large place spirit DECL.COMP 3SG place middle be DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST express. 1SG INT.COMP 3SG think COORD learn middle POT be INT.COMP.CLOSE PST NEG know.

(The spirit of the former great place expressed itself as the place's centre. I did not know whether it might be a centre of thought and learning.)

morris: Here was the ghost of London still asserting itself as a centre,--an intellectual centre, for aught I knew.

mia phirae thena to ma haolu. whekai lao lo thena mua lo wisola womu ru mioru to nai mia sha pi no kalora ka sheru wepu sho to thilou.

1SG different thing PST NEG speak. CONTR BECAUSE PL thing LOC PL exchange home INTS beautiful PST be 1SG QUOT.COMP POL IMP horse CAUS slow go QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(I said nothing else. However, because the things in the exchange-houses were exceedingly beautiful, I politely asked Guide to make the horse go slowly.)

morris: However, I said nothing, except that I asked him to drive very slowly, as the things in the booths looked exceedingly pretty.

ne kulo sha lia. ha wei lo mioru thena ru welao wisola lokue nai. lo miona mua shia lo mo mioru thena ko ro wisola. noshi tholua karami womu wisola lokue nai. mua ra lo kosha nuora nua lo napuro milau nela lo keloa lureko milau neo lo miona ro se thinu sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP yes. PROX DAT PL beautiful thing INTS good exchange place be. PL person LOC 3SG PL CMPR beautiful thing FOC HAB exchange. near ancient authority home exchange place be. LOC DIST PL field food COM PL grain drink COORD PL rough fruit drink FRONT PL person HAB PASS put QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "Yes. This is a very good exchange-place for beautiful things. People especially exchange the more beautiful things here. The exchange-place at the ancient authority-houses is nearby. There, field foods, grain drinks, and rougher fruit drinks are usually set before people.")

morris: "Yes," said he, "this is a very good market for pretty things, and is mostly kept for the handsomer goods, as the Houses-of-Parliament market, where they set out cabbages and turnips and such like things, along with beer and the rougher kind of wine, is so near."

ne kulo mia to kuelo nila. shia sha wa thia soli thena kanu nela pilu rinu sho to thilou.

NAME kulo 1SG PST curious see. 3SG QUOT.COMP Q 2SG SOME thing choose COORD take want QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(Guide looked at me curiously. They asked, "Do you want to choose and take some things?")

morris: Then he looked at me curiously, and said, "Perhaps you would like to do a little shopping, as 'tis called."

wethalu nela luera wisola kiroaClothes and old exchange-signs

mia mia keloa shilu wethalu to nila. mia lo whu lo mia to haromi miona keru wethalu to nila. lo shia luera wisola terura to ma phelu. mia tha lila lo shia monelu nai mia phea kuewa thena pheo teku shemu so se ka nila tho to ke remo. thelao mia tha mia phea lo phirae miona ka mo nila tho to rinu. mia tha mia phea whu lue moriwhe lopha riola to se leiro theluo so se ma nila tho to rinu.

1SG 1SG rough blue garment PST see. 1SG PL REL PL 1SG PST meet person bright garment PST see. PL 3SG past exchange system PST NEG hold. 1SG DECL.COMP PURP PL 3SG amused be 1SG AS strange thing POST short moment FUT PASS CAUS see DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST INFER think. CONS 1SG DECL.COMP 1SG AS PL different person CAUS CMPR see DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST want. 1SG DECL.COMP 1SG AS REL ABL sea vessel labor PST PASS release steward FUT PASS NEG see DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST want.

(I looked at my rough blue clothes and at the bright garments of the people we had met. They did not have the old exchange system. I inferred that they might soon display me as a strange thing for their amusement. Therefore, I wanted to make myself look more like other people. I did not want to be seen as a steward dismissed from work aboard a sea vessel.)

morris: I looked at what I could see of my rough blue duds, which I had plenty of opportunity of contrasting with the gay attire of the citizens we had come across; and I thought that if, as seemed likely, I should presently be shown about as a curiosity for the amusement of this most unbusinesslike people, I should like to look a little less like a discharged ship's purser.

shai theula thena to ki nai mia manuwe muo mia wethalu lirupa to wepu. wi serao kira mua shia to nai. mawha phirae keluo thena to nai. lo shia keluo leko to ki mukesi. mia la nuhe to phaelo. whau lo mia mua luera phemi lona lokue to haolu mia lue lirupa lo keluo wisola kiroa to pilu. mia ne luwae lo shia to ka nila. thelao mia mua ra lokue lo shia to leiro. mia ha to halemu.

CONC UNIV thing PST PFV be 1SG hand INTO 1SG garment bag PST go. two old key LOC 3SG PST be. NONE different metal thing PST be. PL 3SG metal surface PST PFV spoil. 1SG ATTEN sadness PST feel. SIMUL PL 1SG LOC past guest meeting place PST speak 1SG ABL bag PL metal exchange sign PST take. 1SG NAME luwae PL 3SG PST CAUS see. CONS 1SG LOC DIST place PL 3SG PST release. 1SG PROX PST remember.

(Despite everything that had happened, my hand went into the bag in my garment. Two old keys were there, and there were no other metal things. Their metal surfaces had been damaged. I felt a little sad. I remembered taking my metal exchange-signs from the bag while we spoke in the old guest meeting-place. I had shown them to Luwae and therefore left them there.)

morris: But in spite of all that had happened, my hand went down into my pocket again, where to my dismay it met nothing metallic except two rusty old keys, and I remembered that amidst our talk in the guest-hall at Hammersmith I had taken the cash out of my pocket to show to the pretty Annie, and had left it lying there.

mia menoa ru nuhe kire to phelu. ne kulo ha to nila nela to pa tiso haolu.

1SG face INTS sadness shape PST hold. NAME kulo PROX PST see COORD PST INCH sharp speak.

(My face looked very sad. Guide saw this and began to speak sharply.)

morris: My face fell fifty per cent., and Dick, beholding me, said rather sharply--

ne kulo sha kia ne phemi. thia nosa hina phaelo sho to thilou.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP hello NAME phemi. 2SG now what feel QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(Guide asked, "Hello, Guest. What are you feeling now?")

morris: "Hilloa, Guest! what's the matter now?

wa tiso nireku nai.

Q sharp insect be.

(Is it a sharp insect?)

morris: Is it a wasp?"

mia sha tua. whekai mia ra thena to leiro sho to haolu.

1SG QUOT.COMP no. CONTR 1SG DIST thing PST release QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(I said, "No. However, I left that thing behind.")

morris: "No," said I, "but I've left it behind."

ne kulo sha thia mua ha wisola lokue senao kire thena po pilu. no weshoru ma phaelo sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP 2SG LOC PROX exchange place same shape thing POT take. IMP anxious NEG feel QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "You can take another thing of the same kind in this exchange-place. Do not feel anxious.")

morris: "Well," said he, "whatever you have left behind, you can get in this market again, so don't trouble yourself about it."

mia pheo ha thimu selua to kelu. mia ha lo lokue waora keno to halemu. mia phirae luera punoa wisola terura nela ra thimu keluo wisola kiroa solae to ma rinu. thelao mia to teku haolu.

1SG POST PROX time aware PST become. 1SG PROX PL place wondrous custom PST remember. 1SG different past society exchange system COORD DIST time metal exchange sign explain PST NEG want. CONS 1SG PST short speak.

(By then I had become aware. I remembered the wondrous customs of this place. I did not want to explain another exchange system from a past society or the metal exchange-signs of that time. Therefore, I spoke briefly.)

morris: I had come to my senses by this time, and remembering the astounding customs of this country, had no mind for another lecture on social economy and the Edwardian coinage; so I said only--

mia sha mia wethalu. wa mia lo newu po pilu sho to thilou.

1SG QUOT.COMP 1SG garment. Q 1SG PL new POT take QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(I asked, "My clothes. Could I take new ones?")

morris: "My clothes--Couldn't I?

thia nila. thia pha lo shia hina se po phoa pho remo.

2SG see. 2SG INT.COMP PL 3SG what PASS POT do INT.COMP.CLOSE think.

(You see. What do you think could be done about them?)

morris: You see--What do think could be done about them?"

ne kulo hola rinu to ma mishoa. shia shena nela thaemu to haolu.

NAME kulo laugh want PST NEG express. 3SG calm COORD sincere PST speak.

(Guide showed no wish to laugh. They spoke calmly and earnestly.)

morris: He didn't seem in the least inclined to laugh, but said quite gravely:

ne kulo sha no nosa newu wethalu ma pilu sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP IMP now new garment NEG take QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "Do not take new clothes now.")

morris: "O don't get new clothes yet.

mia phao phao phao tholua thena thonua nai. shia tha thia phea whu nosa nai so nila tho rinu.

1SG parent parent parent ancient thing scholar be. 3SG DECL.COMP 2SG AS REL now be FUT see DECL.COMP.CLOSE want.

(My great-grandparent is a scholar of old things. They will want to see you as you are now.)

morris: You see, my great-grandfather is an antiquarian, and he will want to see you just as you are.

mia thia na ma thumela. lu thia miso phea theula phirae miona ka kelu. thia lue lo miona thia wethalu somela siora po pilu. ha theali ma nai.

1SG 2SG NEC NEG teach. COND 2SG REFL AS UNIV different person CAUS become. 2SG ABL PL person 2SG garment observe joy POT take. PROX fitting NEG be.

(I must not teach you. If you make yourself like every other person, you may take away people's joy in observing your clothes. That is not fitting.)

morris: And, you know, I mustn't preach to you, but surely it wouldn't be right for you to take away people's pleasure of studying your attire, by just going and making yourself like everybody else.

ne kulo sha wa thia ha phaelo sho to thaemu thilou.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP Q 2SG PROX feel QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST sincere inquire.

(Guide asked earnestly, "Do you feel that?")

morris: You feel that, don't you?" said he, earnestly.

mia tha ko mia thoa lo whu mioru sone miona phea kuewa kosha kire na whano tho to ma kelomi. whekai mia tha ne kulo ha remo kire leiro po ma phoa tho to nila. mia tha mia nua newu melu korua thero haolu theali po ma nai tho to remo.

1SG DECL.COMP FOC 1SG AMONG PL REL beautiful value person AS strange field shape NEC stand DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST NEG accept. CONTR 1SG DECL.COMP NAME kulo PROX think shape release POT NEG do DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST see. 1SG DECL.COMP 1SG COM new friend heart fire speak fitting POT NEG be DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST think.

(I myself did not accept that I ought to look like a strange field figure while standing among people who valued beauty. However, I saw that Guide could not let go of this way of thinking. I thought it might not be fitting to speak angrily to my new friend.)

morris: I did _not_ feel it my duty to set myself up for a scarecrow amidst this beauty-loving people, but I saw I had got across some ineradicable prejudice, and that it wouldn't do to quarrel with my new friend.

thelao mia sha lia. lia sho to haolu.

CONS 1SG QUOT.COMP yes. yes QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Therefore, I said, "Yes. Yes.")

morris: So I merely said, "O certainly, certainly."

ne kulo sha welao. thia lo wisola womu muwi po nila. no ta whu thia rinu thena remo sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP good. 2SG PL exchange home interior POT see. IMP one REL 2SG want thing think QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "Good. You can see the interiors of the exchange-houses. Think of one thing you want.")

morris: "Well," said he, pleasantly, "you may as well see what the inside of these booths is like: think of something you want."

mia sha wa mia kurathi thumiro lirowa nela thumiro keli po pilu sho to thilou.

1SG QUOT.COMP Q 1SG dry smoke leaf COORD smoke device POT take QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(I asked, "Could I take some dried smoke-leaf and a smoke-device?")

morris: Said I: "Could I get some tobacco and a pipe?"

ne kulo sha lia. mia misa phoe ha thia ma thilou sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP yes. 1SG why ANT PROX 2SG NEG inquire QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "Yes. Why did I not ask you about this before?")

morris: "Of course," said he; "what was I thinking of, not asking you before?

melu ne selomi wei mia tha lo whu thumiro ma whunei miona kasuno nai tho ro shane. mia tha shia shewo nai tho sukima phaelo.

friend NAME selomi DAT 1SG DECL.COMP PL REL smoke NEG breathe person selfish be DECL.COMP.CLOSE HAB tell. 1SG DECL.COMP 3SG true be DECL.COMP.CLOSE fear feel.

(My friend Weaver often tells me that people who do not breathe smoke are selfish. I fear that this is true.)

morris: Well, Bob is always telling me that we non-smokers are a selfish lot, and I'm afraid he is right.

no shua. ha noshi theali lokue nai.

IMP come. PROX near fitting place be.

(Come. A fitting place is nearby.)

morris: But come along; here is a place just handy."

solai welisha whila nela nuelo haoluGolden hair and dark speech

ne kulo lo kalora tiwa to natu. shia lue rolutha to pakiro mulu roke. mia pheo shia to wepu.

NAME kulo PL horse tie PST pull. 3SG ABL wagon PST sudden low move. 1SG POST 3SG PST go.

(Guide pulled the reins and got down from the wagon without warning. I followed them.)

morris: Therewith he drew rein and jumped down, and I followed.

ta ru mioru miona sena phelu sileo wethalu to ru keru wenuha. whau shia phei lo mia to sheru thalo shia lo wira to nila.

one INTS beautiful person pattern hold silk garment PST INTS bright wear. SIMUL 3SG AWAY PL 1SG PST slow walk 3SG PL window PST see.

(A very beautiful person wore a bright patterned silk garment. As they walked slowly past us, they looked into the windows.)

morris: A very handsome woman, splendidly clad in figured silk, was slowly passing by, looking into the windows as she went.

ne kulo sha kona phewani. wa lila lo mia muo womu teku shemu wepu thia mia kalora po phena phelu sho to thilou. shia phena seniku to phoa. lila shia kelomi mishoa shia koma to roke. thelao shia roe mioru manuwe kalora to moli rohi.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP VOC neighbor. Q PURP PL 1SG INTO home short moment go 2SG 1SG horse POT kind hold QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire. 3SG kind smile PST do. PURP 3SG accept express 3SG head PST move. CONS 3SG INS beautiful hand horse PST gentle rub.

(Guide asked, "Neighbour, while we go into the home for a short time, would you kindly hold our horse?" The person smiled kindly and nodded in acceptance. Therefore, they gently stroked the horse with a beautiful hand.)

morris: To her quoth Dick: "Maiden, would you kindly hold our horse while we go in for a little?" She nodded to us with a kind smile, and fell to patting the horse with her pretty hand.

whau lo mia muo womu wepu mia wei ne kulo sha hina mioru limoe sho to haolu.

SIMUL PL 1SG INTO home go 1SG DAT NAME kulo QUOT.COMP what beautiful creature QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(As we entered the home, I said to Guide, "What a beautiful creature.")

morris: "What a beautiful creature!" said I to Dick as we entered.

ne kulo to liroa seniku. shia sha wa thia haolu serao kerou welisha kalora shelo sho to thilou.

NAME kulo PST playful smile. 3SG QUOT.COMP Q 2SG speak old stone color horse signify QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(Guide smiled playfully. They asked, "Does your speech signify the old stone-coloured horse?")

morris: "What, old Greylocks?" said he, with a sly grin.

mia sha tua. tua. mia haolu solai welisha whila phelu miona shelo sho to haolu.

1SG QUOT.COMP no. no. 1SG speak gold color hair hold person signify QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(I said, "No. No. My speech signifies the person with gold-coloured hair.")

morris: "No, no," said I; "Goldylocks,--the lady."

ne kulo sha lia. shia mioru nai sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP yes. 3SG beautiful be QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "Yes. That person is beautiful.")

morris: "Well, so she is," said he.

shia sha sheloi mioru miona nai. lao theli miona ta tewema po phelu ha welao nai. lu he ha ma nai. mia tha lo whu wei senao miona lothea phaelo miona wiso kaworu po phoa tho sukima phaelo sho to haolu.

3SG QUOT.COMP MANY beautiful person be. BECAUSE EACH person one partner POT hold PROX good be. COND IRR PROX NEG be. 1SG DECL.COMP PL REL DAT same person love feel person RECP injury POT do DECL.COMP.CLOSE fear feel QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(They said, "There are many beautiful people. It is good that each person can have a partner. If this were not so, I fear that people who love the same person might injure one another.")

morris: "'Tis a good job there are so many of them that every Jack may have his Jill: else I fear that we should get fighting for them.

ne kulo menoa nuelo kire to phelu. shia sha we ha nosa soli shemu ro phoa sho to haolu.

NAME kulo face dark shape PST hold. 3SG QUOT.COMP ALSO PROX now SOME moment HAB do QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide's face darkened. They said, "This also happens sometimes now.")

morris: Indeed," said he, becoming very grave, "I don't say that it does not happen even now, sometimes.

lothea lo remotha ro ma wepu. lo miona miso rinu ro muro kanu. lo whu theali phoa somela miona tha ha phina shemu nai tho ro ho remo. whekai ha sheloi shemu ro nai.

love PL reason HAB NEG go. PL person REFL want HAB stubborn choose. PL REL fitting do observe person DECL.COMP PROX FEW moment be DECL.COMP.CLOSE HAB ASSUM think. CONTR PROX MANY moment HAB be.

(Love does not usually follow reasons. People stubbornly choose what they want for themselves. Those who study fitting conduct usually assume that this happens rarely. However, it happens often.)

morris: For you know love is not a very reasonable thing, and perversity and self-will are commoner than some of our moralists think."

ne kulo to pa mo nulo haolu. shia sha ta peloma thena pai lo mia phoe ta lunoa to phoa. ra peloma thena mua lumae shao miona to ka lumeo. sileta mua lo mia sui soli thimu keru to te nai sho to haolu.

NAME kulo PST INCH CMPR deep speak. 3SG QUOT.COMP one harmful thing NEAR PL 1SG ANT one month PST do. DIST harmful thing LOC end three-group person PST CAUS die. sun LOC PL 1SG DUR SOME time bright PST CESS be QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide began to speak more deeply. They said, "One month ago, a harmful thing happened near us. In the end, it caused three people to die. For a while, the sun was no longer bright for us.")

morris: He added, in a still more sombre tone: "Yes, only a month ago there was a mishap down by us, that in the end cost the lives of two men and a woman, and, as it were, put out the sunlight for us for a while.

no nosa wei mia ha ma thilou. mia pheo laeno shemu wei thia ha po shane.

IMP now DAT 1SG PROX NEG inquire. 1SG POST long moment DAT 2SG PROX POT tell.

(Do not ask me about this now. After a long while, I may tell you.)

morris: Don't ask me about it just now; I may tell you about it later on."

lo lopia loamiThe children's gifts

lo mia muo wisola womu to ki wepu. wonepa neo shia to nai. lo phelasi nia lo moru to nai. theula thena hiso to nai. theula thena kiro noa to se thinu. lo weshapi to ma nai. shia phea lo whu mia to sano wisola womu to nai.

PL 1SG INTO exchange home PST PFV go. table FRONT 3SG PST be. PL shelf ON PL wall PST be. UNIV thing clean PST be. UNIV thing precise position PST PASS put. PL decorate PST NEG be. 3SG AS PL REL 1SG PST know exchange home PST be.

(We had entered the exchange-house. A table stood at the front, and there were shelves on the walls. Everything was clean and set in precise positions. There was no decoration. It resembled exchange-houses I had known.)

morris: By this time we were within the shop or booth, which had a counter, and shelves on the walls, all very neat, though without any pretence of showiness, but otherwise not very different to what I had been used to.

wi lopia mua womu to nai. ta lopia pai ta phoi ta shao torua to phelu. shia mureli hisae to phelu. whau shia meilo shia shelu to theo. phirae thiku mioru lopia pai ta phoi ta shao ta torua to phelu. shia noe wonepa to meilo. shia shelu we to theo. lo shia tha lomea nai tho to ka nuwi nila.

two child LOC home PST be. one child NEAR one nine-group one three-group year PST hold. 3SG brown skin PST hold. SIMUL 3SG sit 3SG book PST read. different small beautiful child NEAR one nine-group one three-group one year PST hold. 3SG BEHIND table PST sit. 3SG book ALSO PST read. PL 3SG DECL.COMP sibling be DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST CAUS clear see.

(Two children were in the home. One was about twelve years old and had brown skin. They sat reading a book. The other was a beautiful little child about thirteen years old. They sat behind the table and also read a book. They made it clear that they were siblings.)

morris: Within were a couple of children--a brown-skinned boy of about twelve, who sat reading a book, and a pretty little girl of about a year older, who was sitting also reading behind the counter; they were obviously brother and sister.

ne kulo sha kia lo thiku phewani sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP hello PL small neighbor QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "Hello, little neighbours.")

morris: "Good morning, little neighbours," said Dick.

shia sha mia melu kurathi thumiro lirowa nela thumiro keli rinu. wa thia shia po naphe sho to thilou.

3SG QUOT.COMP 1SG friend dry smoke leaf COORD smoke device want. Q 2SG 3SG POT help QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(They asked, "My friend wants dried smoke-leaf and a smoke-device. Can you help them?")

morris: "My friend here wants tobacco and a pipe; can you help him?"

ta lopia sha lia. mia po naphe sho to haolu. shia shena nela selua kire to phelu. ha wei mia monelu to nai.

one child QUOT.COMP yes. 1SG POT help QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak. 3SG calm COORD aware shape PST hold. PROX DAT 1SG amused PST be.

(One child said, "Yes. I can help." The child wore a calm, aware expression. I found this amusing.)

morris: "O yes, certainly," said the girl with a sort of demure alertness which was somewhat amusing.

phirae lopia koma to rihe. shia sui laeno shemu mia kuewa wethalu to nila. shia menoa pheo teku shemu rulo to kelu nela shia koma phei mia to rato. shia tha shia phena ma phoa tho to ke sano.

different child head PST rise. 3SG DUR long moment 1SG strange garment PST see. 3SG face POST short moment red PST become COORD 3SG head AWAY 1SG PST turn. 3SG DECL.COMP 3SG kind NEG do DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST INFER know.

(The other child raised their head and looked at my strange clothes for a long moment. After a short while, the child's face reddened, and they turned their head away from me. They seemed to know that they had not acted kindly.)

morris: The boy looked up, and fell to staring at my outlandish attire, but presently reddened and turned his head, as if he knew that he was not behaving prettily.

lopia phea whu wisola womu pheloma pharea to wile. shia ru thunoa menoa kire to phelu. shia sha kona phewani. thia hina kire kurathi thumiro lirowa rinu sho to thilou.

child AS REL exchange home serve adult PST play. 3SG INTS dignified face shape PST hold. 3SG QUOT.COMP VOC neighbor. 2SG what shape dry smoke leaf want QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(The child played at being an adult who served an exchange-house and wore a very dignified expression. They asked, "Neighbour, what kind of dried smoke-leaf do you want?")

morris: "Dear neighbour," said the girl, with the most solemn countenance of a child playing at keeping shop, "what tobacco is it you would like?"

mia whu rinu kire nomei to haolu. mia tha mia nua lopia wile tho to phaelo. mia pha mia shewo thena po pilu pho to weni.

1SG REL want shape name PST speak. 1SG DECL.COMP 1SG COM child play DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST feel. 1SG INT.COMP 1SG true thing POT take INT.COMP.CLOSE PST imagine.

(I spoke the name of the kind I wanted. I felt as if I were playing with a child and wondered whether I would receive anything real.)

morris: "Latakia," quoth I, feeling as if I were assisting at a child's game, and wondering whether I should get anything but make-believe.

whekai lopia lue phelasi ta thesa thiku wiru to pilu. shia wea tapulo to wepu. shia lue tapulo sheloi kurathi thumiro lirowa to pilu nela wiru pheno ka kelu. shia neo mia nia wonepa pheno wiru to thinu. mia ra lirowa to whinu nela to nila. shia ru welao to nai.

CONTR child ABL shelf one careful small basket PST take. 3SG TOWARD jar PST go. 3SG ABL jar MANY dry smoke leaf PST take COORD basket full CAUS become. 3SG FRONT 1SG ON table full basket PST put. 1SG DIST leaf PST smell COORD PST see. 3SG INTS good PST be.

(However, the child took a carefully made little basket from a shelf and went to a jar. They took a large amount of dried smoke-leaf from the jar and filled the basket, then placed it on the table before me. I smelled the smoke-leaf and looked at it. It was very good.)

morris: But the girl took a dainty little basket from a shelf beside her, went to a jar, and took out a lot of tobacco and put the filled basket down on the counter before me, where I could both smell and see that it was excellent Latakia.

mia sha whekai thia shia pamolu to ma masue. mia hina phanoi na pilu sho to thilou.

1SG QUOT.COMP CONTR 2SG 3SG weight PST NEG measure. 1SG what portion NEC take QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(I asked, "But you did not measure its weight. What portion must I take?")

morris: "But you haven't weighed it," said I, "and--and how much am I to take?"

lopia sha lao thia wea whu thia thumiro lirowa po ma pilu lokue po wepu. no thia lirupa pheno ka kelu sho to haolu.

child QUOT.COMP BECAUSE 2SG TOWARD REL 2SG smoke leaf POT NEG take place POT go. IMP 2SG bag full CAUS become QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(The child said, "Because you may travel somewhere with no smoke-leaf for you to take, fill your bag.")

morris: "Why," she said, "I advise you to cram your bag, because you may be going where you can't get Latakia.

thia lirupa kua nai.

2SG bag where be.

(Where is your bag?)

morris: Where is your bag?"

mia muo mia wethalu thiku lirupa manuwe to roke. mia pheo laeno shemu mue shia sena phelu sophae wetha whu thumiro lirowa phelu to pilu.

1SG INTO 1SG garment small bag hand PST move. 1SG POST long moment OUT.OF 3SG pattern hold cotton cloth REL smoke leaf hold PST take.

(I moved my hand into the small bag in my garment. After a long while, I took out my patterned cotton cloth, which held smoke-leaf.)

morris: I fumbled about, and at last pulled out my piece of cotton print which does duty with me for a tobacco pouch.

whekai lopia ra wetha to thiku nila. thelao shia to haolu.

CONTR child DIST cloth PST small see. CONS 3SG PST speak.

(However, the child saw that the cloth was small. Therefore, they spoke.)

morris: But the girl looked at it with some disdain, and said--

lopia sha kona phewani. mia wei thia thena sheo ra sophae wetha mo welao po loa sho to haolu. shia thue wisola womu to reshi wepu nela to turema. whau shia sio phirae lopia wepu shia wei shia shonui to whishela. lila ra lopia kelomi mishoa ra lopia koma to roke. thelao shia to rihe nela lue womu to wepu.

child QUOT.COMP VOC neighbor. 1SG DAT 2SG thing THAN DIST cotton cloth CMPR good POT give QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak. 3SG THROUGH exchange home PST fast go COORD PST return. SIMUL 3SG BESIDE different child go 3SG DAT 3SG ear PST whisper. PURP DIST child accept express DIST child head PST move. CONS 3SG PST rise COORD ABL home PST go.

(The child said, "Neighbour, I can give you something better than that cotton cloth." They hurried through the exchange-house and returned. As they walked beside the other child, they whispered into the other child's ear. The other child nodded in acceptance, stood, and went out of the home.)

morris: "Dear neighbour, I can give you something much better than that cotton rag." And she tripped up the shop and came back presently, and as she passed the boy whispered something in his ear, and he nodded and got up and went out.

lopia thei thumai nela whalo thumai rulo kori lirupa to phelu. lirupa roe keru sima to se weshapi. shia sha mia wei thia ha to kanu. ha loami nai. mia wei thia shia so loa. shia mioru nai nela sheloi thena po phelu sho to haolu.

child BETWEEN finger COORD large finger red leather bag PST hold. bag INS bright thread PST PASS decorate. 3SG QUOT.COMP 1SG DAT 2SG PROX PST choose. PROX gift be. 1SG DAT 2SG 3SG FUT give. 3SG beautiful be COORD MANY thing POT hold QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(The child held a red leather bag between a finger and thumb. It was decorated with bright thread. The child said, "I chose this for you. It is a gift. I will give it to you. It is beautiful and can hold many things.")

morris: The girl held up in her finger and thumb a red morocco bag, gaily embroidered, and said, "There, I have chosen one for you, and you are to have it: it is pretty, and will hold a lot."

lopia lirupa pheno ka kelu nela sio mia shia to thinu. shia sha nosa thumiro keli. no mia wei thia we ha kanu. shao mioru keli to ki shua sho to haolu.

child bag full CAUS become COORD BESIDE 1SG 3SG PST put. 3SG QUOT.COMP now smoke device. IMP 1SG DAT 2SG ALSO PROX choose. three-group beautiful device PST PFV come QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(The child filled the bag and put it beside me. They said, "Now, the smoke-device. Let me choose this for you too. Three beautiful devices have arrived.")

morris: Therewith she fell to cramming it with the tobacco, and laid it down by me and said, "Now for the pipe: that also you must let me choose for you; there are three pretty ones just come in."

lopia pheo teku shemu to turema. shia roe manuwe whu whalo noru phelu thumiro keli to phelu. keli lue kethua wolea to se thesa kire. solai nia shia to se thinu. lo thiku kirae nia solai to se thiwera.

child POST short moment PST return. 3SG INS hand REL large bowl hold smoke device PST hold. device ABL hard wood PST PASS careful shape. gold ON 3SG PST PASS put. PL small crystal ON gold PST PASS scatter.

(After a short while, the child returned holding a smoke-device with a large bowl. The device had been carefully shaped from hard wood. Gold had been set upon it, with small crystals scattered over the gold.)

morris: She disappeared again, and came back with a big-bowled pipe in her hand, carved out of some hard wood very elaborately, and mounted in gold sprinkled with little gems.

shia wei mia mo ko mioru nela mo ko keru wile thena to nai. shia phea wuero muila welao theko to nai. whekai shia mo welao to nila.

3SG DAT 1SG CMPR FOC beautiful COORD CMPR FOC bright play thing PST be. 3SG AS far earth good craft PST be. CONTR 3SG CMPR good PST see.

(To me, it was the most beautiful and brightest toy. It resembled good craft from a distant land, yet it looked even better.)

morris: It was, in short, as pretty and gay a toy as I had ever seen; something like the best kind of Japanese work, but better.

whau mia shia to nila mia sha wao. ha wei mia wo phiro nai. ha wei theula muila ru karami miona li theali nai sho to haolu.

SIMUL 1SG 3SG PST see 1SG QUOT.COMP wow. PROX DAT 1SG EXC elegant be. PROX DAT UNIV earth INTS authority person RESTR fitting be QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(When I saw it, I said, "Wow. This is too elegant for me. It would suit only a person with great authority throughout the world.")

morris: "Dear me!" said I, when I set eyes on it, "this is altogether too grand for me, or for anybody but the Emperor of the World.

sheno mia shia so wesaki. mia theula thimu lo thumiro keli ro wesaki.

ADD 1SG 3SG FUT lose. 1SG UNIV time PL smoke device HAB lose.

(Furthermore, I will lose it. I always lose smoke-devices.)

morris: Besides, I shall lose it: I always lose my pipes."

lopia la nuhe kire to phelu. shia sha kona phewani. wa thia shia ma kaeli sho to thilou.

child ATTEN sadness shape PST hold. 3SG QUOT.COMP VOC neighbor. Q 2SG 3SG NEG like QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(The child looked a little sad. They asked, "Neighbour, do you not like it?")

morris: The child seemed rather dashed, and said, "Don't you like it, neighbour?"

mia sha lia. mia shia ru kaeli sho to haolu.

1SG QUOT.COMP yes. 1SG 3SG INTS like QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(I said, "Yes. I like it very much.")

morris: "O yes," I said, "of course I like it."

lopia sha welao. no shia pilu. no thia shia wesaki remole weshoru ma phaelo sho to haolu.

child QUOT.COMP good. IMP 3SG take. IMP 2SG 3SG lose concept anxious NEG feel QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(The child said, "Good. Take it. Do not feel anxious about losing it.")

morris: "Well, then, take it," said she, "and don't trouble about losing it.

lu thia shia wesaki. ha hina peloma po thola.

COND 2SG 3SG lose. PROX what harmful POT bring.

(If you lose it, what harm might that bring?)

morris: What will it matter if you do?

mia tha ta miona shia so hekawi tho sano. ra miona roe shia thumiro po whunei. thia phirae po pilu.

1SG DECL.COMP one person 3SG FUT find DECL.COMP.CLOSE know. DIST person INS 3SG smoke POT breathe. 2SG different POT take.

(I know that one person will find it. They can use it to breathe smoke, and you can take another.)

morris: Somebody is sure to find it, and he will use it, and you can get another."

lila mia shia nila mia lue lopia manuwe keli to pilu. whau mia shia nila mia to ma thesa haolu. mia sha lila mia ha thena wisola mia hina na loa sho to thilou.

PURP 1SG 3SG see 1SG ABL child hand device PST take. SIMUL 1SG 3SG see 1SG PST NEG careful speak. 1SG QUOT.COMP PURP 1SG PROX thing exchange 1SG what NEC give QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(I took the device from the child's hand to look at it. While I looked, I spoke carelessly. I asked, "What must I give in exchange for this thing?")

morris: I took it out of her hand to look at it, and while I did so, forgot my caution, and said, "But however am I to pay for such a thing as this?"

ne kulo nia mia talua manuwe to thinu. mia shia mirae to nila. lo shia monelu kire wei mia tha mia phirae luera wisola keno na ma mishoa tho to shane. mia menoa rulo to kelu nela mia phelui to kupe. lopia roe ru thunoa menoa mia to nila. shia phea whu lue wuero shua nela phelira haolu miona mia to nila. mia tha shia mia ma shelomu tho to nuwi nila.

NAME kulo ON 1SG shoulder hand PST put. 1SG 3SG eye PST see. PL 3SG amused shape DAT 1SG DECL.COMP 1SG different past exchange custom NEC NEG express DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST tell. 1SG face red PST become COORD 1SG word PST hide. child INS INTS dignified face 1SG PST see. 3SG AS REL ABL far come COORD mistaken speak person 1SG PST see. 1SG DECL.COMP 3SG 1SG NEG understand DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST clear see.

(Guide put a hand on my shoulder. I looked into their eyes. Their amused expression told me not to display another old exchange custom. My face reddened, and I hid my words. The child looked at me with a very dignified expression. They saw me as someone who had come from far away and spoken by mistake. I saw clearly that the child did not understand me.)

morris: Dick laid his hand on my shoulder as I spoke, and turning I met his eyes with a comical expression in them, which warned me against another exhibition of extinct commercial morality; so I reddened and held my tongue, while the girl simply looked at me with the deepest gravity, as if I were a foreigner blundering in my speech, for she clearly didn't understand me a bit.

mia pheo laeno shemu sha mea. mia thia ru woraka sho to haolu. mia muo mia wethalu lirupa thumiro keli to thinu. whekai mia tha mia pheo teku shemu neo karami miona po whano tho la sukima phaelo.

1SG POST long moment QUOT.COMP thanks. 1SG 2SG INTS appreciate QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak. 1SG INTO 1SG garment bag smoke device PST put. CONTR 1SG DECL.COMP 1SG POST short moment FRONT authority person POT stand DECL.COMP.CLOSE ATTEN fear feel.

(After a long while, I said, "Thank you. I appreciate you very much." I put the smoke-device into the bag in my garment. However, I felt a little afraid that I might soon stand before a person of authority.)

morris: "Thank you so very much," I said at last, effusively, as I put the pipe in my pocket, not without a qualm of doubt as to whether I shouldn't find myself before a magistrate presently.

lopia sha ru whelani sho to haolu. shia pharea miona phena haolu kire to wile. ha kire ru kuelo to nai.

child QUOT.COMP INTS welcome QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak. 3SG adult person kind speak shape PST play. PROX shape INTS curious PST be.

(The child said, "You are very welcome." They acted out an adult's kind way of speaking. Their manner showed great curiosity.)

morris: "O, you are so very welcome," said the little lass, with an affectation of grown-up manners at their best which was very quaint.

shia sha mia tha phea lo thia serao miona pheloma ru siora nai tho phaelo. shekoi lao tha lo thia lue wuero moriwhe to shua tho nuwi nai mia ha siora phaelo sho to haolu.

3SG QUOT.COMP 1SG DECL.COMP AS PL 2SG old person serve INTS joy be DECL.COMP.CLOSE feel. SPEC BECAUSE DECL.COMP PL 2SG ABL far sea PST come DECL.COMP.CLOSE clear be 1SG PROX joy feel QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(They said, "Serving old people like you gives me great joy. I feel this joy especially because it is clear that you came from far across the sea.")

morris: "It is such a pleasure to serve dear old gentlemen like you; especially when one can see at once that you have come from far over sea."

mia sha lia kona mioru phewani. mia wea sheloi lokue ki wepu sho to haolu.

1SG QUOT.COMP yes VOC beautiful neighbor. 1SG TOWARD MANY place PFV go QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(I said, "Yes, beautiful neighbour. I have travelled to many places.")

morris: "Yes, my dear," quoth I, "I have been a great traveller."

lureko milauThe fruit drink

lila mia phena nai mia to peshu. whau mia ha phoa phirae lopia to turema. shia roe manuwe whalo palu to kolua. mia nia palu laeno lophani nela wi mioru phielo lopha to nila.

PURP 1SG kind be 1SG PST lie. SIMUL 1SG PROX do different child PST return. 3SG INS hand large plate PST carry. 1SG ON plate long bottle COORD two beautiful glass vessel PST see.

(I lied to be kind. While I did so, the other child returned carrying a large tray. On it, I saw a long bottle and two beautiful glass vessels.)

morris: As I told this lie from pure politeness, in came the lad again, with a tray in his hands, on which I saw a long flask and two beautiful glasses.

shai shia lomea nilua nai ha lopia theula phelui to haolu. lopia sha kona lo phewani. lao phea lo thia phemi mawha philo mua ha lokue ro shua phoe lo thia wepu. pi no nua lo mia ta lopha milau sho to haolu.

CONC 3SG sibling shy be PROX child UNIV word PST speak. child QUOT.COMP VOC PL neighbor. BECAUSE AS PL 2SG guest NONE day LOC PROX place HAB come ANT PL 2SG go. POL IMP COM PL 1SG one vessel drink QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Although their sibling was shy, this child did all the speaking. The child said, "Neighbours, guests like you never come to this place. Before you go, please drink the contents of one vessel with us.")

morris: "Neighbours," said the girl (who did all the talking, her brother being very shy, clearly) "please to drink a glass to us before you go, since we do not have guests like this every day."

lopia nia wonepa whalo palu to thinu. shia muo wi laeno noru kurathi whelina welisha lureko milau to thesa seluto.

child ON table large plate PST put. 3SG INTO two long bowl dry grass color fruit drink PST careful pour.

(The child put the large tray on the table and carefully poured a dry-grass-coloured fruit drink into two long bowls.)

morris: Therewith the boy put the tray on the counter and solemnly poured out a straw-coloured wine into the long bowls.

mia milau to kelomi. lao sukaro philo mia kishu to ka kelu mia to milau. mia tha mia thoa lioru muila ki manolu tho to remo. mia tha ra lureko thorima to te ma nai tho to remo. mia tha mia mua ha kelua ru welao lureko milau to ki milau tho to remo. mia tha mia wei ne kulo pha lo miona ha milau thela pilewa pho so thilou tho to kanu. mia tha lo riola miona miso ru welao milau to pilewa tho to remo. lo riola miona tha lo shia mukesi milau na milau tho to se kawhera. ha keno to te nai.

1SG drink PST accept. BECAUSE hot day 1SG thirsty PST CAUS become 1SG PST drink. 1SG DECL.COMP 1SG AMONG life earth PFV stay DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST think. 1SG DECL.COMP DIST fruit taste PST CESS NEG be DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST think. 1SG DECL.COMP 1SG LOC PROX morning INTS good fruit drink PST PFV drink DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST think. 1SG DECL.COMP 1SG DAT NAME kulo INT.COMP PL person PROX drink how make INT.COMP.CLOSE FUT inquire DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST choose. 1SG DECL.COMP PL labor person REFL INTS good drink PST make DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST think. PL labor person DECL.COMP PL 3SG spoil drink NEC drink DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST PASS coerce. PROX custom PST CESS be.

(I accepted the drink willingly. I drank because the hot day had made me thirsty. I thought that I still remained in the world of the living and that the fruit's taste had not ended. I thought that I had drunk a very good fruit drink this morning. I decided that I would ask Guide how people made it. I thought that the workers themselves made very good drink. They were coerced to drink spoiled drink. That custom had ended.)

morris: Nothing loth, I drank, for I was thirsty with the hot day; and thinks I, I am yet in the world, and the grapes of the Rhine have not yet lost their flavour; for if ever I drank good Steinberg, I drank it that morning; and I made a mental note to ask Dick how they managed to make fine wine when there were no longer labourers compelled to drink rot-gut instead of the fine wine which they themselves made.

mia sha kona lo thiku phewani. wa thia nua lo mia ta lopha ma milau sho to thilou.

1SG QUOT.COMP VOC PL small neighbor. Q 2SG COM PL 1SG one vessel NEG drink QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(I asked, "Little neighbours, will you not drink the contents of a vessel with us?")

morris: "Don't you drink a glass to us, dear little neighbours?" said I.

ta lopia sha mia lureko milau ma milau. mia tuko kaelo phialu mo kaeli. whekai mia thia sunai pula sho to haolu.

one child QUOT.COMP 1SG fruit drink NEG drink. 1SG sour sweet water CMPR like. CONTR 1SG 2SG health wish QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(One child said, "I do not drink fruit drink. I prefer sweet and sour water. However, I wish you health.")

morris: "I don't drink wine," said the lass; "I like lemonade better: but I wish your health!"

phirae lopia sha mia phirae milau mo kaeli sho to haolu.

different child QUOT.COMP 1SG different drink CMPR like QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(The other child said, "I prefer a different drink.")

morris: "And I like ginger-beer better," said the little lad.

mia tha lo lopia thorima kaeli to ki ma la helui tho to remo.

1SG DECL.COMP PL child taste like PST PFV NEG ATTEN change DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST think.

(I thought that children's tastes had not changed much.)

morris: Well, well, thought I, neither have children's tastes changed much.

lo mia wei lo lopia sha pao sho to haolu. thelao lo mia lue wisola womu to wepu.

PL 1SG DAT PL child QUOT.COMP goodbye QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak. CONS PL 1SG ABL exchange home PST go.

(We said to the children, "Goodbye." Therefore, we left the exchange-house.)

morris: And therewith we gave them good day and went out of the booth.

serao miona sio kaloraThe elder at the horse

lo mia lue wisola womu to shua. mia la nuhe to phaelo. mioru miona to te nai. serao raelu miona mia kalora to phelu. ha phea whemura pakiro helui to nai.

PL 1SG ABL exchange home PST come. 1SG ATTEN sadness PST feel. beautiful person PST CESS be. old tall person 1SG horse PST hold. PROX AS dream sudden change PST be.

(We came out of the exchange-house. I felt a little sad. The beautiful person was no longer there. A tall elder held my horse. This was like a sudden change in a dream.)

morris: To my disappointment, like a change in a dream, a tall old man was holding our horse instead of the beautiful woman.

serao miona wei lo mia tha mioru miona po ma manolu tho to solae. shia tha shia noa to pilu tho we to solae. shia ta mirae to teku kupe. whau shia lo mia nuhe menoa nila shia to hola. thelao lo mia we to hola.

old person DAT PL 1SG DECL.COMP beautiful person POT NEG stay DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST explain. 3SG DECL.COMP 3SG position PST take DECL.COMP.CLOSE ALSO PST explain. 3SG one eye PST short hide. SIMUL 3SG PL 1SG sadness face see 3SG PST laugh. CONS PL 1SG ALSO PST laugh.

(The elder explained that the beautiful person could not stay. They also explained that they had taken the person's place. They winked, saw our sad faces, and laughed. Therefore, we laughed too.)

morris: He explained to us that the maiden could not wait, and that he had taken her place; and he winked at us and laughed when he saw how our faces fell, so that we had nothing for it but to laugh also--

serao miona wei ne kulo sha thia wea kua wepu sho to thilou.

old person DAT NAME kulo QUOT.COMP 2SG TOWARD where go QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(The elder asked Guide, "Where are you going?")

morris: "Where are you going?" said he to Dick.

ne kulo sha wea ra lokue sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP TOWARD DIST place QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "Towards that place.")

morris: "To Bloomsbury," said Dick.

serao miona sha lu lo thia sonu nai ma rinu. mia nua lo thia so shua sho to haolu.

old person QUOT.COMP COND PL 2SG alone be NEG want. 1SG COM PL 2SG FUT come QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(The elder said, "If you two do not want to be alone, I will come with you.")

morris: "If you two don't want to be alone, I'll come with you," said the old man.

ne kulo sha welao. thia wei mia pha weno lue rolutha wepu rinu pho shane. mia rolutha so te ka kelu. no lo mia wepu sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP good. 2SG DAT 1SG INT.COMP when ABL wagon go want INT.COMP.CLOSE tell. 1SG wagon FUT CESS CAUS become. IMP PL 1SG go QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "Good. Tell me when you want to leave the wagon, and I will make it stop. Let us go.")

morris: "All right," said Dick, "tell me when you want to get down and I'll stop for you. Let's get on."

luera mokanu nophiThe old disease story

lo mia to pa wepu. mia sha wa lo lopia mua wisola lokue lo miona ro pheloma sho to thilou.

PL 1SG PST INCH go. 1SG QUOT.COMP Q PL child LOC exchange place PL person HAB serve QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire.

(We began moving. I asked, "Do children usually serve people in exchange-places?")

morris: So we got under way again; and I asked if children generally waited on people in the markets.

ne kulo sha lu lo thena tumoa to ma nai. lo lopia sheloi shemu ha ro phoa. whekai lo shia theula thimu ha ro ma phoa sho to haolu.

NAME kulo QUOT.COMP COND PL thing heavy PST NEG be. PL child MANY moment PROX HAB do. CONTR PL 3SG UNIV time PROX HAB NEG do QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide said, "If the things were not heavy, children often do this. However, they do not do it all the time.")

morris: "Often enough," said he, "when it isn't a matter of dealing with heavy weights, but by no means always.

lo lopia ha riola kaeli. lao lo shia roe manuwe sheloi phirae thena ro palo nela lo shia pha lo thena thela se pilewa nela luseri hina nai pho ro shonela ha wei lo shia monelu nela welao nai.

PL child PROX labor like. BECAUSE PL 3SG INS hand MANY different thing HAB touch COORD PL 3SG INT.COMP PL thing how PASS make COORD provenance what be INT.COMP.CLOSE HAB learn PROX DAT PL 3SG amused COORD good be.

(The children like this work. Because they handle many different things and regularly learn how those things are made and what their provenance is, they find the work amusing and good.)

morris: The children like to amuse themselves with it, and it is good for them, because they handle a lot of diverse wares and get to learn about them, how they are made, and where they come from, and so on.

sheno ha ru siloma riola nai. theula miona shia po phoa.

ADD PROX INTS simple labor be. UNIV person 3SG POT do.

(Furthermore, this work is very simple. Anyone can do it.)

morris: Besides, it is such very easy work that anybody can do it.

mua lo mia punoa thorui sheloi miona wesha mokanu phelu to ti nai. ra lo miona lue lo shia thalume ra mokanu to ti howela. lo shia lo kawhera miona thalume thenui lumira to ti nai. lo kawhera miona mua lo kipona luera thimu lo riola miona tha lo kawhera miona wei lo riola miona riola na phoa tho to kawhera. mua luera nophi shelu lo kawhera miona wi phirae phelui to phelu.

LOC PL 1SG society beginning MANY person lazy disease hold PST REP be. DIST PL person ABL PL 3SG ancestor DIST disease PST REP receive. PL 3SG PL coerce person ancestor direct descendant PST REP be. PL coerce person LOC PL pain past time PL labor person DECL.COMP PL coerce person DAT PL labor person labor NEC do DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST coerce. LOC past story book PL coerce person two different word PST hold.

(At the beginning of our society, many people were said to have a disease of laziness. They were said to have received it from their ancestors and to be direct descendants of people who coerced others. In painful past times, those coercers compelled labouring people to work for them. In books of past stories, the coercers had two different words.)

morris: It is said that in the early days of our epoch there were a good many people who were hereditarily afflicted with a disease called Idleness, because they were the direct descendants of those who in the bad times used to force other people to work for them--the people, you know, who are called slave-holders or employers of labour in the history books.

lao ra lo miona phina riola li po phoa ra lo miona mua wisola womu theula thimu to ti pheloma.

BECAUSE DIST PL person FEW labor RESTR POT do DIST PL person LOC exchange home UNIV time PST REP serve.

(It was reported that those people served exchange-houses all the time because they could do only a little work.)

morris: Well, these Idleness-stricken people used to serve booths _all_ their time, because they were fit for so little.

mia tha mua ta luera thimu ra lo miona soli phea ha riola to se ko kawhera tho nohero. lu ra mokanu to se ma ru nephoru. ra lo miona ru mioru to ma nai. shekoi soli ra miona ru mioru to ma nai. lu ra mokanu to se ma ru nephoru. lo shia phomila to thowia nela lo phomila ru mioru to ma nai. lo phewani ha to ma pheru.

1SG DECL.COMP LOC one past time DIST PL person SOME AS PROX labor PST PASS FOC coerce DECL.COMP.CLOSE believe. COND DIST disease PST PASS NEG INTS treat. DIST PL person INTS beautiful PST NEG be. SPEC SOME DIST person INTS beautiful PST NEG be. COND DIST disease PST PASS NEG INTS treat. PL 3SG offspring PST born COORD PL offspring INTS beautiful PST NEG be. PL neighbor PROX PST NEG endure.

(I believe that, at one time in the past, some of those people were indeed coerced into work like this. If the disease was not treated intensely, those people were not very beautiful. More specifically, some of them were not very beautiful. If the disease was not treated intensely, their children were born and were not very beautiful. The neighbours could not endure this.)

morris: Indeed, I believe that at one time they were actually _compelled_ to do some such work, because they, especially the women, got so ugly and produced such ugly children if their disease was not treated sharply, that the neighbours couldn't stand it.

whekai mia loshi nai. ra theula to te nai. mokanu mawha nai sola shia ru thiku kire phelu. lu shia ru thiku kire phelu. lao miona sui teku thimu nepha pilu mokanu te po nai.

CONTR 1SG joyful be. DIST UNIV PST CESS be. disease NONE be DISJ 3SG INTS small shape hold. COND 3SG INTS small shape hold. BECAUSE person DUR short time medicine take disease CESS POT be.

(However, I am joyful. All of that has ended. The disease is either absent or has a very small form. If it has a very small form, the disease may cease because a person takes medicine for a short time.)

morris: However, I'm happy to say that all that is gone by now; the disease is either extinct, or exists in such a mild form that a short course of aperient medicine carries it off.

shia nosa soli shemu wi kuewa phelui ro phelu.

3SG now SOME moment two strange word HAB hold.

(Now it sometimes has two strange words.)

morris: It is sometimes called the Blue-devils now, or the Mulleygrubs.

wa ha lo phelui kuewa ma nai.

Q PROX PL word strange NEG be.

(Are those words not strange?)

morris: Queer names, ain't they?"

mia sha lia sho to haolu. mia to nulo remo. whekai serao miona to pa haolu.

1SG QUOT.COMP yes QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak. 1SG PST deep think. CONTR old person PST INCH speak.

(I said, "Yes." I thought deeply. However, the elder began to speak.)

morris: "Yes," said I, pondering much. But the old man broke in:

serao miona sha lia phewani. ha theula shewo nai. mia soli whu ra mokanu phelu miona serao to ki nila sho to haolu.

old person QUOT.COMP yes neighbor. PROX UNIV true be. 1SG SOME REL DIST disease hold person old PST PFV see QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(The elder said, "Yes, neighbour. All of that is true. I have seen some old people who had that disease.")

morris: "Yes, all that is true, neighbour; and I have seen some of those poor women grown old.

shia sha mia phao mua lo shia limu thimu lo shia ro sano. shia tha lo shia phea limu miona ru phirae to ti nai tho to shane. lo shia manuwe phea lo lemi wolea sima sholei to nai. lo shia pelio phea lo thiku lemi wolea to nai. lo shia norapi phea whu mua hieru kesho wiso lorea wi noru to nai. lo shia lemi phimei nela tiso nophae nela whilo meshoi to phelu. lo shia tha theula whu lo miona haolu sola phoa thena shia nuhe ka kelu tho ro peshu sho to haolu.

3SG QUOT.COMP 1SG parent LOC PL 3SG young time PL 3SG HAB know. 3SG DECL.COMP PL 3SG AS young person INTS different PST REP be DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST tell. PL 3SG hand AS PL thin wood thread gather PST be. PL 3SG arm AS PL small thin wood PST be. PL 3SG waist AS REL LOC narrow middle RECP connect two bowl PST be. PL 3SG thin lip COORD sharp nose COORD white cheek PST hold. PL 3SG DECL.COMP UNIV REL PL person speak DISJ do thing 3SG sadness CAUS become DECL.COMP.CLOSE HAB lie QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(They said, "My parent knew them when they were young. My parent told me that they were reportedly very different as young people. Their hands resembled bundles of thin wooden strands. Their arms resembled small pieces of thin wood. Their waists resembled two bowls joined at a narrow middle. They had thin lips, sharp noses, and white cheeks. They habitually lied that anything people said or did made them sad.")

morris: But my father used to know some of them when they were young; and he said that they were as little like young women as might be: they had hands like bunches of skewers, and wretched little arms like sticks; and waists like hour-glasses, and thin lips and peaked noses and pale cheeks; and they were always pretending to be offended at anything you said or did to them.

ha waora ma nai. thelao lo whu lue lo shia to thowia lopia mioru ma nai. lo phea lo shia miona li lo shia po lothea. mia wei lo shia nuhe phaelo.

PROX wondrous NEG be. CONS PL REL ABL PL 3SG PST born child beautiful NEG be. PL AS PL 3SG person RESTR PL 3SG POT love. 1SG DAT PL 3SG sadness feel.

(That is not surprising. Therefore, the children born to them were not beautiful. Only people like them could love them. I feel sadness for them.)

morris: No wonder they bore ugly children, for no one except men like them could be in love with them--poor things!"

serao miona to te haolu. shia shia luera lioru to ke themio. thelao shia to pa haolu.

old person PST CESS speak. 3SG 3SG past life PST INFER reflect. CONS 3SG PST INCH speak.

(The elder stopped speaking and seemed to reflect on their past life. Therefore, they began to speak again.)

morris: He stopped, and seemed to be musing on his past life, and then said:

serao miona sha wa thia tha lo miona mua luera thimu wei ra wesha mokanu weshoru to nai tho sano sho to thilou. shia sha lila lo mia lo shia theala lo mia sheloi tupeka to phelu sho to haolu.

old person QUOT.COMP Q 2SG DECL.COMP PL person LOC past time DAT DIST lazy disease anxious PST be DECL.COMP.CLOSE know QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST inquire. 3SG QUOT.COMP PURP PL 1SG PL 3SG heal PL 1SG MANY burden PST hold QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(The elder asked, "Do you know that people once felt anxious about that disease of laziness?" They said, "To heal them, we carried many burdens.")

morris: "And do you know, neighbours, that once on a time people were still anxious about that disease of Idleness: at one time we gave ourselves a great deal of trouble in trying to cure people of it.

wa thia soli ha remole nepha shelu ki ma theo.

Q 2SG SOME PROX concept medicine book PFV NEG read.

(Have you not read any medical books about it?)

morris: Have you not read any of the medical books on the subject?"

lao serao miona wei mia to haolu mia sha tua sho to haolu.

BECAUSE old person DAT 1SG PST speak 1SG QUOT.COMP no QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Because the elder was speaking to me, I said, "No.")

morris: "No," said I; for the old man was speaking to me.

serao miona sha lo miona tha ha mokanu lue tholua mokanu to manolu tho to ho remo. lao sheloi whu mokanu phelu miona phei lo phirae miona to se sonari ha mokanu ru welathi to ke nai. lo whu lo shia pheloma miona phirae mokanu phelu miona to ti nai. lila lo shia se miratu lo shia kuewa wethalu to wenuha sho to haolu.

old person QUOT.COMP PL person DECL.COMP PROX disease ABL ancient disease PST stay DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST ASSUM think. BECAUSE MANY REL disease hold person AWAY PL different person PST PASS isolate PROX disease INTS contagious PST INFER be. PL REL PL 3SG serve person different disease hold person PST REP be. PURP PL 3SG PASS recognize PL 3SG strange garment PST wear QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(The elder said, "People assumed that this disease was a remnant of an ancient disease. Because many people who had it were isolated from others, the disease seemed very contagious. It was reported that those who served them had a different disease. They wore strange garments so that they could be recognised.")

morris: "Well," said he, "it was thought at the time that it was the survival of the old mediaeval disease of leprosy: it seems it was very catching, for many of the people afflicted by it were much secluded, and were waited upon by a special class of diseased persons queerly dressed up, so that they might be known.

mulu weloni wethalu thoa lo shia wethalu to nai. ra lo mulu weloni wethalu roe mophi liru to se pilewa. ra liru mua luera torua phirae phelui to phelu.

low body garment AMONG PL 3SG garment PST be. DIST PL low body garment INS wool fabric PST PASS make. DIST fabric LOC past year different word PST hold.

(Lower-body garments were among their clothes. Those garments were made with wool fabric. In past years that fabric had another word.)

morris: They wore amongst other garments, breeches made of worsted velvet, that stuff which used to be called plush some years ago."

ha theula wei mia ru kuelo to nai. mia tha serao miona mo laeno po haolu tho to rinu.

PROX UNIV DAT 1SG INTS curious PST be. 1SG DECL.COMP old person CMPR long POT speak DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST want.

(All of this interested me greatly, and I wanted the elder to be able to speak longer.)

morris: All this seemed very interesting to me, and I should like to have made the old man talk more.

whekai ne kulo lue ha theula tholua nophi wipha to kelu. sheno mia tha shia wei shia phao phao phao tha mia shorui ka ma kelu tho rinu tho to ke remo.

CONTR NAME kulo ABL PROX UNIV ancient story restless PST become. ADD 1SG DECL.COMP 3SG DAT 3SG parent parent parent DECL.COMP 1SG weary CAUS NEG become DECL.COMP.CLOSE want DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST INFER think.

(However, Guide became restless with all these ancient stories. I also inferred that they wanted to keep me from becoming weary for their great-grandparent's sake.)

morris: But Dick got rather restive under so much ancient history: besides, I suspect he wanted to keep me as fresh as he could for his great-grandfather.

ne kulo to pa ru hola. shia sha soa lo phewani. mia te po ma hola sho to haolu.

NAME kulo PST INCH INTS laugh. 3SG QUOT.COMP sorry PL neighbor. 1SG CESS POT NEG laugh QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(Guide burst out laughing. They said, "I am sorry, neighbours. I cannot stop laughing.")

morris: So he burst out laughing at last, and said: "Excuse me, neighbours, but I can't help it.

tha lo miona riola ma kaeli tho remo ru tawimo nai.

DECL.COMP PL person labor NEG like DECL.COMP.CLOSE think INTS foolish be.

(The thought that people do not like work is very foolish.)

morris: Fancy people not liking to work!--it's too ridiculous.

shia sha kona serao melu. thia we soli shemu riola kaeli sho to haolu. shia roe kalora kawhera keli roe lothea serao kalora to palo.

3SG QUOT.COMP VOC old friend. 2SG ALSO SOME moment labor like QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak. 3SG INS horse coerce device INS love old horse PST touch.

(They said, "Old friend, you also like work sometimes." Then they lovingly touched the old horse with a horse-coercion device.)

morris: Why, even you like to work, old fellow--sometimes," said he, affectionately patting the old horse with the whip.

shia sha hina kuewa mokanu. ra phelui theali po nai sho to haolu.

3SG QUOT.COMP what strange disease. DIST word fitting POT be QUOT.COMP.CLOSE PST speak.

(They said, "What a strange disease. That word may be fitting.")

morris: "What a queer disease! it may well be called Mulleygrubs!"

ne kulo we ru kenua nela ru theisa to pa hola. mia tha ha lue shia phena keno phirae to nai tho to remo. lila mia nua shia nai mia we to hola. whekai mia roe phulae lo kulai li to hola. mia monelu to ma nai. ko mia tha lo miona riola ma kaeli tho to ma monelu nila. thia ha po weni.

NAME kulo ALSO INTS energy COORD INTS loud PST INCH laugh. 1SG DECL.COMP PROX ABL 3SG kind custom different PST be DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST think. PURP 1SG COM 3SG be 1SG ALSO PST laugh. CONTR 1SG INS mouth PL tooth RESTR PST laugh. 1SG amused PST NEG be. FOC 1SG DECL.COMP PL person labor NEG like DECL.COMP.CLOSE PST NEG amused see. 2SG PROX POT imagine.

(Guide began to laugh loudly and energetically again. I thought this differed from their customary kindness. I laughed too so that I could be with them, but only with my mouth and teeth. I was not amused. I myself found nothing amusing in people who did not like work. You can imagine this.)

morris: And he laughed out again most boisterously; rather too much so, I thought, for his usual good manners; and I laughed with him for company's sake, but from the teeth outward only; for _I_ saw nothing funny in people not liking to work, as you may well imagine.

Translation limits

This translation follows the complete chapter. The 120 Morris lines preserve every source passage in order, while the Phi states each event, claim, joke, and cruelty it can express without pretending that an English label has entered the lexicon.

Source detailPhi treatment
Piccadilly, Hammersmith, the Houses of Parliament, and BloomsburyMorris keeps the place and institution names. Phi gives the street, guest hall, old buildings of authority, neighbouring market, and direction of travel.
Shops, buying, selling, shopping, cash, payment, social economy, and Edwardian coinagePhi describes exchange-places, an old exchange system, metal signs, choosing and taking, measured weight, and the question of what must be given in return. No term quietly imports commerce as an accepted social relation.
Annie, Bob, women, men, girls, boys, gentlemen, maiden, lady, and great-grandfatherPersonal names take their Phi onyms, ne luwae and ne selomi. Gendered identities remain exact in Morris, while Phi uses visible features, age, siblinghood, and the three-generation kinship chain.
Italian cities, Latakia, morocco, Japanese work, the Emperor of the World, Rhine grapes, Steinberg, lemonade, and ginger-beerMorris supplies the exact identities. Phi carries the arch-roof, dried smoke-leaf, leather bag, distant craft, worldwide authority, fruit drink, sweet-sour water, and each relation that makes the reference matter.
Fifty per cent, two keys, ages twelve and thirteen, three pipes, two glasses, one month, two men and a womanPhi keeps the concrete counts and the one-month interval. The comic percentage and Morris's gender division remain in the adjacent source wording; the fatal event is three deaths in Phi.
Idleness, slave-holders, employers of labour, Blue-devils, Mulleygrubs, leprosy, aperient medicine, worsted velvet, and plushThese labels stay with Morris. Phi reports the claimed disease, inheritance, descent, coercion, treatment, supposed contagion, isolation, medicine, wool fabric, and recognisable clothes.
Fighting, compulsory work, the whip, bodily ridicule, and the claim of offencePhi states possible mutual injury, three deaths, coercion, a horse-coercion device, the speakers' judgements of bodies, and their accusation of dishonest sadness. Translation does not turn violent or contemptuous framing into a lexical endorsement.
The arcade, purser, scarecrow, pipe, tobacco pouch, counter, tray, wine, and breechesTransparent descriptions carry the visible form or practical use where Phi has no dedicated root. Morris's exact object word remains one line away.

The chapter adds no root, registered compound, module membership, or grammar. Seventeen existing optional roots appear where their distinctions earn the space. Together they reach all eight modules. luseri follows goods back to their provenance; mokanu, nephoru, welathi, and sonari let the speakers' medical story be reported without making it true; kaworu and karami keep injury and authority plain.

Morris's comedy survives most often in the gap between expectation and event. Guest sees a shop, reaches for money, asks about weight, and worries about a magistrate. The children see a visitor who needs tobacco, a better bag, a splendid pipe, and perhaps a drink. Both readings remain intelligible. Only one of them is waiting for a bill.