Expectation (ho)

01The shape of an assumption

The parent's first clause marks the departure as complete with ki and its source as assumption with ho. The second clause gives the general expectation behind it. Nothing in the particle says how confidently the parent holds that expectation.

02ke or ho

Specific evidence points to ke; a background pattern points to ho.

The missing basket belongs to this occasion, so it supports inference. A usual departure time belongs to a broader pattern, so it supports assumption. A strong pattern may prove more reliable than a weak sign; the particles do not rank the two.

03ho or po

ho names a source. po says that the event is possible.

The first asserts that they are home and identifies background expectation as the basis. The second presents being home as possible. Because evidentiality precedes modality, both can appear when both readings are intended: pheralu ho po lepa. says that, from background expectation, the speaker assumes rainfall is possible.

04Claims about another person

Source marking can make an interpretation of another person's state easier to inspect.

The first names an expectation, and the second names an inference from signs. The question does not assert the listener's state and gives them the answer. That may be the better social choice when an answer is available, but it is not a higher evidential rank. hi, ke, ti, and ho describe sources, not manners.

05Drill: sign or pattern

The last pattern may be dependable and still remain a pattern. If someone sees sulae on the road, the next sentence has different evidence and may take ke or stay unmarked, depending on what the speaker intends to state.