Phi practice Nouns and classifiers in Phi

Reading 12 of 12

Appendix

quick reference

ReferenceThe canonical order

[Possessor] [Quantifier] [Deictic] [Number or lo] [Classifier] [Descriptors] [Noun]

The quantity positions are alternatives; a classifier appears only after a numeral or wia; no phrase fills every position.

ReferenceThe claims ladder

ExpressionClaim
melunumber unstated; context carries
lo melumore than one; no count
ta meluexactly one
wi meluexactly two
ta shao meluexactly three
shao meluapproximately a three-group
soli melusome; indefinite and nonzero
sheloi melucontextually many

mu counts an exact zero; mawha quantifies none.

ReferenceThe quantifiers

PhiGlossRange
theulaUNIVthe whole relevant set
sheloiMANYcontextually large
shelamiMOSTthe larger part
soliSOMEindefinite, nonzero
phinaFEWcontextually small
theliEACHone by one
wheliANYfree choice within the set
mawhaNONEno member or amount
henoiENOUGHsufficient for the purpose
wiahow manythe question

ReferenceThe classifiers

ClassifierGlossScope
himoHUM.CLFpeople
liphaLIFE.CLFother living beings
themoTHING.CLFdetached and crafted objects
nopheABST.CLFconcepts, time, events

Always optional; placed after the complete number expression; the counting pamphlet drills the choosing.

ReferenceWorking rules

  • A bare noun is a complete reference; context carries identity and, when unmarked, number.
  • One phrase takes one quantity marker: lo, a numeral, or a quantifier, never two together.
  • ta shao counts an exact three; bare shao claims a scale. Say what you counted, estimate what you gauged.
  • Classifiers ride on counts and on wia, never on ordinary quantifiers.
  • Descriptors stack in the order that groups them; every adjective is also its quality noun.
  • A noun before a noun modifies by association: owner, source, direction, kind, or character, resolved by context.
  • The possessor leads its phrase; the having claim takes phelu with the possessed thing as object.

ReferenceVocabulary in this pamphlet

WordSay itMeaning
wiruwi · rubasket
nophino · phistory
kerouke · ro · ustone
lirowali · ro · waleaf
pukeapu · ke · adanger
nuoranu · o · rafood
napana · pabread
sulopasu · lo · pasoup
thepaluthe · pa · lugarden
silasi · lacommunity
luphorelu · pho · reriver
nithoni · thonorth
thuathu · afair
wesomawe · so · mamutual
silomasi · lo · masimple

ReferenceCross-references

  • Manual chapter 11 owns the doctrine, the words-of vocabulary tours included
  • Manual chapter 12 for the numeral system the counts here draw on
  • canon.md for the phrase-internal nesting order and the clause-initial pronoun ruling
  • The counting pamphlet for classifier choice and arithmetic; the pronouns pamphlet for the deictics and possession-versus-subject; the three-slots pamphlet for the Slot 2 particles that ride inside phrases
  • Validate any Phi you write with python3 scripts/validate_examples.py

The noun phrase is Phi's smallest complete act of attention: everything before the noun narrows, nothing after it wanders, and the thing itself arrives exactly when the listener is ready to receive it. Build the phrase the situation earns, and the morning with two books on the table will never trouble you again.