Phi practice The three slots

Reading 12 of 13

Part 11

Exercises

Answers follow the exercises. Where context permits more than one sensible sentence, the key states what its model answer chooses to express.

Part ASort by scope

Assign each particle to Slot 0, 1, or 2.

  1. te
  2. su
  3. li
  4. ka
  5. nu
  6. he
  7. ti
  8. mo

Part BBuild the Slot 1 stack

Translate with the supplied content words.

  1. I had seen the path. (mia, ruela, nila)
  2. The story is being created. (nophi, kealo)
  3. You will be able to help, I assume. (thia, naphe)
  4. I must cause the child to learn. (mia, lopia, shonela)
  5. We did not cause the dog to sleep. (lo mia, lohau, nulae)
  6. May they regularly give water to the garden. (shia, wei thepalu, phialu, loa)

Part CRepair the structure

  1. shia ke to wepu.
  2. mia lopia po ka wile.
  3. thia ma so shua.
  4. suliwa hi ti nai.

Part DLicense or refuse

For each form, decide whether it is licensed and give the rule.

  1. to te
  2. ka se
  3. pi no
  4. ho po ma
  5. si ro
  6. se ka ma
  7. pi su
  8. no ponu ma tapu.

Part ERead in context

Each sentence has a context. Decide whether the grammar expresses the intended meaning and revise only when needed.

  1. phialu to se ma loa. Said in answer to, "Did you give water to the garden?"
  2. misheko si nulae. Said as a general observation about a recurring pattern.
  3. mia li wi lipha powea phelu. Intended to mean, "I have two eggs, and that is not enough."
  4. mia hi remo. Said of one's present thought, with no contrast of sources intended.

Part FBuild complete examples

  1. Use all three slots to ask politely whether the listener will see these friends.
  2. Give the claim that a snake exists twice, once as direct perception and once as a received report.
  3. Write a realis condition about reading a book, followed by a future consequence of understanding.
  4. Give an active and a passive version of "I create the story."

07Part G: Mixed retrieval

The parts above tell you where to look. These do not. Each item needs a particle from somewhere in the inventory, and finding out which slot it lives in is your half of the work.

  1. The soup is too hot. (sulopa, sukaro)
  2. The water is slightly warm. (phialu, sulae)
  3. Only the elder knows. (wheo, sano)
  4. The path is longer than the river. (ruela, luphore, laeno)
  5. May you be well. (thia, welao)
  6. The wall was repaired, and nobody is named. (moru, shiroka)
  7. The child made the dog go. (lopia, lohau, wepu)
  8. It is the child who sees you, not someone else. (lopia, thia, nila)
  9. The garden is beautiful enough for the festival. (thepalu, mioru)
  10. I had heard it, they say. (mia, hea)

Check your workAnswer key

AnswersPart A

1 Slot 1. 2 Slot 0. 3 Slot 2. 4 Slot 1. 5 Slot 2. 6 Slot 0 as the second element of lu he. 7 Slot 1. 8 Slot 2.

AnswersPart B

  1. mia ruela to ki nila.
  2. nophi si se kealo. Aspect precedes voice.
  3. thia so ho po naphe. Tense precedes evidentiality, which precedes modality.
  4. mia lopia ka na shonela. Voice precedes modality.
  5. lo mia lohau to ka ma nulae. The sentence denies causation and leaves the dog's sleeping open.
  6. su shia wei thepalu phialu ro loa. The wish frames a habitual giving of water.

AnswersPart C

  1. shia to ke wepu. Tense precedes evidentiality.
  2. mia lopia ka po wile. Voice precedes modality.
  3. thia so ma shua. Tense precedes negation.
  4. suliwa hi nai. suliwa ti nai. Two claimed sources require two clauses.

AnswersPart D

  1. Licensed. to te presents an ending in the past.
  2. Not licensed. The voice pair is se ka, in that order.
  3. Licensed. pi no is a polite directive.
  4. Licensed. It marks an assumed source, followed by denied possibility or ability.
  5. Not licensed. si and ro compete for the aspect rank.
  6. Licensed. The passive-causative voice pair precedes negation.
  7. Not licensed. pi su is not a documented Slot 0 combination.
  8. Licensed. Slot 0 frames a directive whose Slot 1 predicate is negated.

AnswersPart E

  1. The sentence is grammatical but does not say who gave the water. If the speaker is answering about their own act, mia wei thepalu phialu to ma loa. responds more directly. If no one can identify the giver and only the water matters, the passive may be appropriate.
  2. Use misheko ro nulae. for a recurring pattern. Keep si for one nap in progress.
  3. Use two claims: mia wi lipha powea phelu. henoi ma nai. The numeral supplies quantity, and the second sentence states insufficiency.
  4. mia hi remo. is grammatical if direct perception of the thought is deliberately contrasted with another source. With no such contrast, mia remo. says what the context requires without adding an evidential claim.

AnswersPart F

  1. pi wa thia ha lo melu so nila.
  2. suliwa hi nai. suliwa ti nai.
  3. lu mia shelu theo. mia so shelomu.
  4. mia nophi kealo. nophi se kealo.

AnswersPart G

  1. sulopa wo sukaro nai. Slot 2, degree. ru would say only that the soup is very hot, which leaves the drinker's problem unstated.
  2. phialu la sulae nai. Slot 2, the other direction from ru. ma sulae would deny the warmth rather than lower it.
  3. li wheo sano. Slot 2. The restriction fences who knows, and it attaches to the elder rather than to the knowing.
  4. ruela sheo luphore mo laeno nai. Slot 2, with the standard in its own phrase before the comparative.
  5. su thia welao nai. Slot 0. The wish frames the whole sentence and changes no word inside it.
  6. moru to se shiroka. Slot 1, voice. The doer has left the sentence rather than been hidden by it.
  7. lopia lohau ka wepu. Slot 1, voice. The dog is still the one going; the child has been added in front.
  8. ko lopia thia nila. Slot 2, focus. Whoever else might have been looking stays unnamed; the particle marks the choice without spelling out what it was made against.
  9. thepalu pe mioru nai. Slot 2, degree against a purpose. The festival is the standard, and a different occasion would move it.
  10. mia to ti hea. Slot 1, tense before evidentiality. Two ranks, one event, in canon order.